LONG-TERM CREATINE APPEARS SAFE
Researchers from the University of Memphis examined the effects of long-term (21-months) creatine supplementation on renal function and blood levels of liver enzymes in 94 college football players (about 19 years of age). The average daily creatine consumption was just over 15 grams per day during the player's loading phase, followed by about 5 grams per day thereafter. Blood and urine samples were collected from players at 0, 1, 1.5, 4, 6, 10, 12, 17, and 21 months of training. At the end of the study, the initial 94 participants were categorized into groups that did not take creatine (44 players), those who took creatine for 0-6 months (12 players), 7-12 months (25 players), and 12-21 months (13 players). Results showed no significant differences on measures of serum creatinine, urinary creatinine excretion, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), BUN/creatinine ratio, CK, LDH, AST, or ALT - suggesting that short and long-term creatine supplementation does not adversely affect renal function or liver function. These results support the fact that no clinical studies have reported any side effects from creatine supplementation (other than weight gain).
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Zmieniony przez - grasik w dniu 2003-11-07 07:10:26
28:06:42:12
That is when the world will end.